Financial Supervision Act


Part I General part


Chapter 1.3 Collaboration of supervisors


Section 1.3.1 Collaboration of supervisors at national level


Article 1:46 Adjustment of legislation

- 1. The supervisors shall work together where it concerns the adoption of generally binding rules and policy rules, in order to ensure that these shall be uniform as much a possible, to the extent that they relate to matters that fall within the scope of prudential supervision as well as the supervision of conduct.
- 2. The matters referred to in paragraph 1 shall include in any event:
a. the use of powers as listed in Section 1.4.2;
b. the reliability referred to in Article 3:9 and 4:10;
c. the credentials as referred to in Article 3:8 and 4:9;
d. the controlled and sound operations referred to in Articles 3:17, paragraph 2, under (a) and (b), and 4:14, paragraph 2, under (a) and (b), and;
e. other issues to be specified by Order in Council.


Article 1:47 Required advice of the other supervisor for taking specific measures

- 1. The supervisor shall not take a decision on measures as referred to in paragraph 2 than after it has granted the other supervisor a reasonable period of time to bring forward its views on the matter. The first sentence does not apply if the other supervisor does not exercise any supervision in regard of the question whether the relevant person or enterprise complies with the provisions of the present Act.
- 2. The measures are:
a. the appointment of a guardian under Article 1:76;
b. the withdrawal of a licence under Article 1:104, opening words and under (b), (c), (d), (e), (f) or (j);
c. imposing a prohibition as referred to in Articles 1:58, paragraph 2, 1:58a, paragraph 2, 1:58b, paragraph 2, 1:58c, paragraph 3, 1:59, paragraph 2, 1:67, paragraph 1, 1:77, paragraph 1, third sentence, 4:4, paragraph 1, or 4:4a, and;
d. a designation on the basis of Article 1:75 intending to send away a person who is making or co-making the policy of a financial enterprise, or intending to send away a person who belongs to a body responsible for supervising the policy and the general state of affairs of a financial enterprise, and;
e. the withdrawal of a designation on the basis of Article 2:105, paragraph 4, if it concerns a financial enterprise over which the Dutch Central Bank exercises prudential supervision.
- 3. The view is brought forward in writing, unless the urgent nature of the measure should, given the interests involved, oppose to this. In such a case, a verbally brought forward view shall be sufficient, on the understanding that it will be confirmed in writing as soon as possible. Where the supervisor takes a decision as referred to in paragraph 1 that differs from the view brought forward by the other supervisor, the decision shall state the reasons for this. The view or the written confirmation of a verbally brought forward view forms an integral part of the decision to take a supervisory measure.
- 4. Paragraph 1 and 3 apply accordingly to requests for bankruptcy made on the basis of Article 212k or 213b of the Bankruptcy Act (Faillissementswet) and to requests for emergency regulations made on the basis of Section 3.5.5.


Article 1:47a Required consultation when issuing a licence to certain investment firms

The Authority for the Financial Markets shall consult the Dutch Central Bank before granting a licence to an investment firm which:
a. is a subsidiary of a bank, life insurer or non-life insurer to which a licence has been issued in a Member State;
b. is a subsidiary of a parent company of a bank, life insurer or non-life insurer to which a licence has been issued in a Member State;
c. is controlled by a person who also exercises control over a bank, life insurer or non-life insurer to which a licence has been issued in a Member State.


Article 1:47b Required advice before granting a declaration of no objection

The Dutch Central Bank shall offer to the Authority for the Financial Markets the opportunity to give advice before it grants a declaration of no objection as meant in Article 2:95, if the applicant:
a. is a management company of an institution for collective investments in negotiable securities or an investment firm to which the Authority for the Financial Markets has granted a licence as referred to in Article 2:65, paragraph 2, respectively, Article 2:96;
b. is the parent company of a management company of an institution for collective investments in negotiable securities or of an investment firm as referred to under (a);
c. is a person who has control over a management company of an institution for collective investments in negotiable securities or over an investment firm as referred to under (a).


Article 1:47c Assessment of the credentials of policymakers of a bank or insurer

- 1. If a supervisor, pursuant to the present Act, has to make an assessment of the credentials of a person who lays down or will lay down the daily policy of a bank or insurer or who forms or will form a part of a body charged with the exercise of supervision over the policy and general state of affairs of a bank or insurer, such supervisor shall, without delay, ask the other supervisor, under the supply of all relevant data, for its advice on the matter.
- 2. Where the supervisor has the intention to assess that a person as meant in paragraph 1 possesses the credentials required pursuant to the present Act, it shall notify the other supervisor, under the supply of all relevant data, of its intended assessment.
- 3. Where the supervisor has the intention to make a positive assessment on the unquestionable reliability of a person who lays down or will lay down, either solely or also with others, the policy of a financial enterprise or of a person who forms or will form a part of a body charged with the exercise of supervision over the policy and general state of affairs of a financial enterprise, it shall notify the other supervisor, under the supply of all relevant data, of its intended assessment.
- 4. After the other supervisor, after having taken knowledge of the intended assessment as referred to in paragraph 2 and 3, has notified that it sees no reason to make a binding recommendation as referred to in Article 1:49, the supervisor may announce its assessment or a decision related to it to the financial enterprise.


Article 1:48 Required advice before taking a decision on certain applications for a licence or approval

- 1. If the Dutch Central Bank in the context of processing an application as referred to in Articles 2:13, 2:22, 2:32, 2:33, 2:42, 2:43, 2:54a, 3:33 or 3:110, paragraph 4 and 5, is required to assess whether the applicant meets the requirements set by or pursuant to Part IV ‘Conduct Supervision Financial Enterprises’, it shall request the advice of the Authority for the Financial Markets before rendering a decision on such application.
- 2. If the Authority for the Financial Markets in the context of processing an application as referred to in Articles 2:67, 2:68 or 2:99, is required to assess whether the applicant meets the requirements set by or pursuant to Part III ‘Prudential Supervision Financial Enterprises’, it shall request the advice of the Dutch Central Bank before rendering a decision on such application.
- 3. The supervisor whose advice is requested as referred to in paragraph 1 or 2, shall give its advice in writing within six weeks after the receipt of such request.
- 4. If the Authority for the Financial Markets in the context of an application for approval as referred to in Articles 2:122, 2:127 or 2:130 or in the context of a notification of change as referred to in Article 4:26, paragraph 1 or 2, has to assess whether the financial situation of the applicant or, respectively, of the financial enterprise involved is adequate, it shall request the advice of the Dutch Central Bank in this respect. The Dutch Central Bank shall give its advice in writing within three weeks after the receipt of such request.
- 5. If the supervisor that has requested for advice considers to deviate from the advice given, it shall provide the supervisor which has given the advice the opportunity to explain its advice verbally.
- 6. The advice referred to in paragraph 1, 2 or 4 shall form a part of the decision relating to the licence or approval.


Article 1:49 Binding recommendation in case of insufficient credentials

- 1. If a supervisor, either of its own motion or on account of a notification as referred to in Article 1:47c, paragraph 2, ascertains that the person who lays down or will lay down the daily policy of a bank or insurer to which the other supervisor is granting or will grant a licence or that the person who forms or will form a part of a body charged with the exercise of supervision over the policy and general state of affairs of a bank or insurer, not or no longer possesses the credentials as required under law, it may make a binding recommendation to the other supervisor in regard of the content of an assessment or decision to be made concerning the credentials of that person or measures to be taken as meant in Section 1.4.2.
- 2. If a supervisor, either of its own motion or on account of a notification as referred to in Article 1:47c, paragraph 2, ascertains that the reliability of the person who lays down or will lay down the daily policy of a bank or insurer to which the other supervisor is granting or will grant a licence or of the person who forms or will form a part of a body charged with the exercise of supervision over the policy and general state of affairs of a bank or insurer, is not or no longer unquestionable , it may make a binding recommendation to the other supervisor in regard of the content of an assessment or decision to be made concerning the reliability of that person or measures to be taken as meant in Section 1.4.2.
- 3. A binding recommendation as referred to in paragraph 1 or 2 shall be reasoned and submitted in writing, unless its urgent nature, given the interests involved, opposes to this. In the last case a reasoned verbal recommendation will be sufficient, on the understanding that it has to be confirmed in writing as soon as possible.
- 4. The supervisor to which the binding recommendation meant in paragraph 1 or 2 is addressed, shall execute it as soon as possible. The written recommendation, mentioning the reasons for it, or the written confirmation of a reasoned verbal recommendation forms an integral part of the decision executing the binding recommendation.


Article 1:50 Supervision over a financial enterprise of a financial conglomerate

- 1. Article 1:54, paragraph 1 up to and including 4, shall apply accordingly to the Authority for the Financial Markets if it exercises supervision over a financial enterprise which forms a part of a financial conglomerate as referred to in Article 3:290.
- 2. Article 1:54, paragraph 1 up to and including 4, shall apply accordingly to the collaboration between the Dutch Central Bank and the Authority for the Financial Markets in the exercise of the supervision as referred to in Section 3.6.4.



Section 1.3.2 Collaboration with other Member States in general


§ 1.3.2.1 Collaboration and exchange of data and information


Article 1:51 Provision of data and information to supervisory authorities of other Member States

- 1. The supervisor shall work together with the supervisory authorities of other Member States where this is required for the fulfilment of its duties on the basis of the present Act or for the fulfilment of the duties of those supervisory authorities.
- 2. When performing its duties the supervisor shall take into consideration the consequences which its decisions may have, especially in emergency situations, for the stability of the financial system of other Member States involved, which consideration is based on the information available at the relevant moment.
- 3. Upon request, the supervisor shall supply a supervisory authority of another Member State, with due observance of paragraph 3 and of Article 1:90, paragraph 1 up to and including 3, with all data and information required for the fulfilment of the duties of that supervisory authority.
- 4. If the request concerns a management company of an institution for collective investments in negotiable securities, an investment firm or an institution for collective investments in negotiable securities, the Authority for the Financial Markets may only decide not to supply data or information, if:
a. the supply of the data or information is not compatible with Dutch sovereignty, national security or public order;
b. legal proceedings are already pending in the Netherlands on the same charge and against the same person;
c. a final and binding judgment has already been rendered in the Netherlands on the same charge and against the same person.
- 5. The Authority for the Financial Markets shall notify the supervisory authority of the other Member State of its reasoned decision referred to in paragraph 3.
- 6. Where a supervisory authority of another Member State in which a market operator holding a licence as referred to in Article 5:26, paragraph 1, takes appropriate measures in order to facilitate access to the trade in its system for members from that Member State or for long-distance unit-holders, requests the Authority for the Financial Markets for the names of the members of or unit-holders on the regulated market concerned, the Authority for the Financial Markets shall provide these names within a reasonable time to that supervisory authority.


Article 1:51a Collaboration of the Dutch Central Bank with supervisory authorities of other Member States

- 1. The Dutch Central Bank shall work together with the relevant supervisory authorities of other Member States for the purpose of exercising supervision as referred to in Section 3.6.2. In that context, the Dutch Central Bank, if so requested, shall furnish all relevant information to these supervisory authorities, with due observance of Article 1:90, paragraph 1 up to and including 3.
- 2. The Dutch Central Bank shall provide of its own motion the relevant supervisory authorities of other Member States with all information that is essential for them to fulfil their supervisory duties as referred to in Section 3.6.2.
- 3. Essential information as referred to in paragraph 2 shall in any event include information on:
a. the group structure, the major investment firms and banks of the group, as well as the supervisory authorities of other Member States that supervise the investment firms and banks of the group;
b. procedures for gathering information from the investment firms and banks of the group, as well as for the verification of this information;
c. developments at investment firms, banks or other enterprises of the group that could have serious detrimental consequences for the investment firms or banks;
d. major sanctions and special measures imposed by the Dutch Central Bank or the supervisory authorities of other Member States with regard to the financial enterprises referred to in Section 3.6.2.
- 4. If the Dutch Central Bank supervises a Dutch investment firm or Dutch bank which is a subsidiary of an EU parent investment firm or an EU parent bank and it requires information about the introduction of approaches or methods as described pursuant to the present Act and this information has already been furnished to the supervisory authority that supervises that EU parent investment firm or EU parent bank, it shall address that supervisory authority first.
- 5. Before taking a decision that affects the supervisory duties as referred to in Section 3.6.2 of another supervisory authority involved, the Dutch Central Bank shall consult with that supervisory authority on:
a. changes in share ownership, the organisation or the management structure of investment firms and banks in the group, and;
b. major sanctions or special measures.
- 6. The Dutch Central Bank shall ask advice from the supervisory authority of another Member State that exercises supervision on a consolidated basis, before taking a decision as to imposing a sanction or measure as referred to in paragraph 5, under (b).
- 7. In urgent situations, the Dutch Central Bank may refrain from asking advice as referred to in paragraph 6. In that case it shall inform the supervisory authorities of other Member States of its decision without delay.
- 8. If the Dutch Central Bank obtains knowledge in its capacity as Central Bank of a situation as referred to in Article 1:93a, it shall warn without delay the supervisory authority of the Member State charged with exercising supervision on a consolidated basis and it shall supply all information to that supervisory authority it requires for the fulfilment of its duties.


Article 1:51b Information to be provided due to Recast Directive Collective Investment Schemes

- 1. The supervisor shall provide of its own motion, without delay, the relevant supervisory authorities of other Member States with all information required for the fulfilment of the duties of those supervisory authorities on the basis of the Recast Directive Collective Investment Schemes.
- 2. The Authority for the Financial Markets shall provide, without delay, the supervisory authority of the Member State of the registered seat of an institution for collective investments in negotiable securities with information about irregularities in the management company having its registered seat in the Netherlands, where such information may have essential influence on the proper fulfilment of duties by the management company with respect to the institution for collective investments in negotiable securities and on the non-compliance by that management company with what is provided under the present Act.
- 3. The Authority for the Financial Markets shall provide, without delay, the supervisory authority of the Member State of the registered seat of the management company with information about irregularities in the institution for collective investments in negotiable securities having its registered seat in the Netherlands, where such information may have essential influence on the proper fulfilment of duties by the management company or on the non-compliance by that management company with what is provided under the Recast Directive Collective Investment Schemes.
- 4. The Authority for the Financial Markets shall notify the supervisory authority of another Member State of changes in data meant in Article 2:122, paragraph 2, or of a change in the investment compensation scheme.


Article 1:51c Request for a qualification as significant branch office

- 1. Where the Dutch Central Bank exercises supervision over a branch office in the Netherlands of an investment firm or bank having its registered seat in another Member State, it may request the supervisory authority of another Member State exercising supervision on a consolidated basis or, when no supervision on a consolidated basis is exercised, the supervisory authority of the Member State of the registered seat of the investment firm or bank in question to qualify that branch office as significant.
- 2. Such request shall specify the reasons why the branch office may be qualified as significant, and in particular:
a. when it concerns a bank: whether the market share in deposits of the branch office in the Netherlands is more than 2 percent;
b. the consequences to be expected of a postponement or ending of the activities of the investment firm or bank meant in paragraph 1 on the liquidity of the market and the payment, clearing and settlement systems in the Netherlands, or;
c. the size and importance of the branch office, where it concerns the number of clients, within the banking or financial system in the Netherlands.
- 3. Where the Dutch Central Bank exercises supervision over an investment firm or bank having its registered seat in the Netherlands or exercises supervision on a consolidated basis over a Dutch investment firm or Dutch bank, and it receives a request of a supervisory authority of another Member State to qualify a branch office of that investment firm or bank, which branch office is located in that other Member State, as significant, it shall, after it has reached an agreement with the involved supervising authority on the qualification of the branch office as significant, take a decision in regard of the qualification of that branch office as significant.
- 4. If the Dutch Central Bank has not taken a decision on the qualification of a branch office as significant within two months after receipt of a request as meant in paragraph 2, then the Dutch Central Bank shall decide at the latest within two months thereafter whether the branch office is to be qualified as significant. When making that decision, the Dutch Central Bank shall take the point of view and reservations of the involved supervisory authority into account.
- 5. The Dutch Central Bank shall send a decision as referred to in paragraph 3 and 4 to the involved supervisory authority


Article 1:51d Consequences of the status of significant branch office

- 1. Where the Dutch Central Bank exercises supervision over an investment firm or bank having its registered seat in the Netherlands, it shall send the information meant in Article 1:51a, paragraph 3, under (c) and (d), to the supervisory authority of the Member State where a significant branch office of that financial enterprise is located and it shall exercise the supervisory activities meant in Article 3:278b, paragraph 1, under (c), in collaboration with that supervisory authority.
- 2. Where the Dutch Central Bank exercises supervision over a significant branch office located in the Netherlands of an investment firm or bank having its registered seat in another Member State, it shall, in the exercise of supervisory activities as meant in Article 3:278b, paragraph 1, under (c), collaborate with the supervisory authority of the registered seat of the financial enterprise in question.


Article 1:51e Relation to the European Banking Authority

The Dutch Central Bank shall participate in the activities of the European Banking Authority and observe and keep to the directions, recommendations, standards and other measures adopted by the European Banking Authority, unless it derogates therefrom on well substantiated grounds.


Article 1:52 Supervisor’s right to demand information from any person

- 1. The supervisor may demand information from any person for the fulfilment of its duties on the basis of the present Subsection (§ 1.3.2.1) where this is required for the fulfilment of the duties of a supervisory authority in another Member State.
- 2. Articles 5:13 and 5:20 of the General Administrative Law Act shall apply accordingly.


Article 1:53 Consequences of an affiliation between Dutch insurer and European insurer

- 1. If a Dutch reinsurer, life insurer or non-life insurer and a European reinsurer, life insurer or non-life insurer are affiliated as referred to in Article 3:268, paragraph 1, under (i), the Dutch Central Bank shall, of its own motion and with due observance of Article 1:90, paragraph 1 up to and including 3, provide the supervisory authority in each of the other Member States concerned with all information that seems essential for the supervision to be exercised by that supervisory authority.
- 2. If a Dutch reinsurer, life insurer or non-life insurer is affiliated as referred to in Article 3:268, paragraph 1, under (i) with an investment firm or a bank having its registered seat in another Member State, the Dutch Central Bank shall, with due observance of Article 1:90, paragraph 1 up to and including 3, provide the supervisory authorities that are charged with the supervision over those other financial enterprises with all the information that may facilitate the fulfilment of their duties.


Article 1:54 Collaboration in regard of financial conglomerates

- 1. For the purpose of exercising supervision as referred to in Section 3.6.4, the Dutch Central Bank shall work together with the relevant supervisory authorities of other Member States. In that context, the Dutch Central Bank shall, with due observance of Article 1:90, paragraph 1 up to and including 3, provide these supervisory authorities with all relevant information if so requested and furnish these authorities of its own motion with all essential information.
- 2. The collaboration referred to in paragraph 1 shall comprise at least the gathering and exchange of information with regard to the following aspects:
a. the group structure referred to in Article 3:289, under (e), all the major enterprises belonging to the financial conglomerate and the supervisory authorities of other Member States responsible for supervising the group’s regulated entities meant in Article 3:289, under (d);
b. the financial conglomerate’s strategic policies;
c. the financial conglomerate’s financial situation, in particular on capital adequacy, intra-group transactions, risk concentration as referred to in Article 3:289, under (l), and profitability;
d. the financial conglomerate’s main shareholders and management;
e. the operations at financial conglomerate level;
f. the procedures for gathering information from the enterprises in the financial conglomerate and the verification of this information;
g. developments at regulated entities or other group members of the financial conglomerate which could have serious detrimental consequences for the regulated entities;
h. major sanctions and special measures imposed by the supervisory authorities of other Member States with regard to the financial conglomerate or sections thereof.
- 3. Before taking a decision relating to the matters listed below, the Dutch Central Bank shall consult the supervisory authorities of other Member States responsible for supervising regulated entities in the financial conglomerate, where such decision is of importance for the supervisory duties of those supervisory authorities:
a. changes in share ownership, in the organisation or in the management structure of a regulated entity which require its approval;
b. major sanctions or special measures in respect of a regulated entity.
- 4. Without prejudice to the consultations referred to in paragraph 3, the Dutch Central Bank may omit such consultations in urgent situations or where the consultations may jeopardise the effectiveness of its decision. In that case it shall inform the supervisory authorities of other Member States of its decision without delay.
- 5. Upon the request of the coordinator referred to in Article 3:293, paragraph 1, the Dutch Central Bank shall ask the parent company having its registered seat in the Netherlands which, alone or together with another enterprise, heads the group to which a regulated entity belongs, to provide all information relevant for the fulfilment of the coordinator’s duties.
- 6. If the Dutch Central Bank is not the coordinator and the coordinator deems it necessary that, with a view to the supervision referred to in Section 3.6.4, measures are to be taken against a mixed financial holding company having its registered seat in the Netherlands, the Dutch Central Bank shall take, upon the coordinator’s request, the reasonably necessary measures against that mixed financial holding company by using the powers conferred on it by virtue of the present Act.


Article 1:54a Market operators granting access to its market for trade from other Member States

If a market operator to which a licence as referred to in Article 5:26, paragraph 1, has been granted, has taken measures in another Member State enabling unit-holders on or members of the regulated market to trade on that market from that Member State, and the activities of the regulated market are of significant importance for the operation of the securities markets and the protection of the investors in that Member State, the Authority for the Financial Markets shall make arrangements with the relevant supervisory authorities in that Member State about the performance of its supervisory activities, all without prejudice to Article 1:51



§ 1.3.2.1a Committees of supervisors


Article 1:54b Establishing a committee of supervisors

- 1. When the Dutch Central Bank exercises, pursuant to Section 3.6.2, supervision on a consolidated basis over a Dutch investment firm or Dutch bank, it shall establish a committee of supervisors in order to facilitate the fulfilment of the duties meant in Articles 1:93a and 3:278b, with due observance of Article 1:90, paragraph 1 up to and including 3, and in order to look after an appropriate coordination and collaboration with the relevant supervisory authorities of other Member States.
- 2. If the Dutch Central Bank exercises supervision over an investment firm or bank having its registered seat in the Netherlands and which investment firm or bank has in other Member States only branch offices located there of which at least one is qualified as significant, then the Dutch Central Bank shall establish in collaboration with the relevant supervisory authorities of the Member States where such significant branch office is located, a committee of supervisors in order to facilitate the collaboration as referred to in Articles 1:51 and 1:51d, all without prejudice to paragraph 1.
- 3. The Dutch Central Bank decides which of the relevant supervisory authorities shall participate in a meeting or activity of the committee of supervisors.
- 4. When making a decision as meant in paragraph 3, the Dutch Central Bank shall take into account the relevance of the supervisory activities to be planned or coordinated for the involved supervisory authorities and in particular also the consequences that its decision may have for the stability of the financial system in the involved Member States and the obligations imposed pursuant to Article 1:51d.
- 5. Where the Dutch Central Bank exercises supervision over an investment firm or bank as meant in paragraph 2, it shall notify, with due observance of Section 1.5.1, the European Banking Authority of the supervisory activities of the committee of supervisors, including the supervisory activities in emergency situations, and it shall provide the European Banking Authority with all information that is of special importance for the convergence of supervision.
- 6. Further rules may be set by Order in Council in regard of the duties of the Dutch Central Bank within the committee of supervisors.


Article 1:54c Participation of the Dutch Central Bank in the committee of supervisors

The Dutch Central Bank shall participate in the relevant committee of supervisors if it exercises supervision over a subsidiary of an EU parent investment firm, an EU parent bank, an EU parent holding or over a significant branch office located in the Netherlands of an investment firm or bank as referred to in Article 1:51c. It may participate as well in its capacity as Central Bank.



§ 1.3.2.2 Collaboration in the context of supervision of compliance


Article 1:55 Right of supervisor to request other supervisory authorities for verification of data or an investigation

- 1. If a management company, investment firm, reinsurer, payment institution, electronic money institution, reinsurer, bank, life insurer or non-life insurer having its registered seat in the Netherlands has a branch office in another Member State, the supervisor may, for the purpose of supervision in respect to the question whether the financial enterprise has complied with the present Act:
a. request the supervisory authority of the other Member State to verify data or information at the branch office, or;
b. after having notified the supervisory authority of the other Member State, itself verify data or information at the branch office or arrange for such data or information to be verified.
- 2. If the Dutch Central Bank for the purpose of exercising supervision on a consolidated basis wishes to verify data or information at an enterprise based in another Member State as referred to in Chapter 3.6, it may, for the purpose of such supervision:
a. request the supervisory authority of the other Member State to verify data or information at that enterprise;
b. after having notified the supervisory authority of the other Member State, itself verify data or information at the enterprise or arrange for such data or information to be verified.
- 3. If the supervisor for the purpose of exercising supervision over a management company of an institution for collective investments in negotiable securities or over an institution for collective investments in negotiable securities wishes the verify data or information or wishes to start an investigation at an enterprise seated in another Member State, it may, in conformity with Articles 6 up to and including 11 of the Regulation for Institutions for Collective Investments in Negotiable Securities:
a. request the supervisory authority of the other Member State to verify data or information or to start an investigation at that enterprise, or;
b. after having obtained the consent of the supervisory authority of the other Member State to do so, itself verify data or information or start an investigation at that enterprise or arrange for such data or information to be verified or for such investigation to be conducted.
- 4. Paragraph 1 shall apply accordingly with respect to payment service agents and persons to whom work has been outsourced by a payment institution or electronic money institution.


Article 1:56 Right of other supervisory authorities to request the supervisor for verification of data or an investigation

- 1. If a management company, investment firm, payment service provider, electronic money institution, reinsurer, bank, life insurer or non-life insurer having its registered seat in another Member State, has a branch office in the Netherlands, the supervisory authority of that other Member State may, after having notified the supervisor, verify data or information at the branch office that is required for exercising supervision over that management company, investment firm, payment service provider, electronic money institution, reinsurer, bank, life insurer or non-life insurer.
- 2. The supervisory authority of the other Member State may furthermore request the supervisor to verify data or information at the branch office that is required for exercising supervision over that management company, investment firm, payment service provider, electronic money institution, reinsurer, bank, life insurer or non-life insurer. The supervisor shall comply with such request or shall provide the supervisory authority of the other Member State the opportunity to verify data or information at the branch office or to arrange that such data or information can be verified on its behalf.
- 3. If a supervisory authority of another Member State, for the purpose of exercising supervision in regard of the question whether the Recast Directive Collective Investment Schemes has been complied with, wishes to verify data or information or wishes to start an investigation at an enterprise seated in the Netherlands, it may request the Authority for the Financial Markets to conduct such verification or investigation. The Authority of the Financial Markets shall comply with such request or shall provide the supervisory authority of the other Member State the opportunity to verify data or information itself at the branch office or to start an investigation itself or to arrange that such data or information can be verified or that such investigation can be conducted on behalf of such supervisory authority.
- 4. If a supervisory authority of another Member State, for the purpose of exercising supervision on a consolidated basis over a bank seated in the Netherlands, wishes to verify data or information at an enterprise located in the Netherlands, it may request the Dutch Central Bank to conduct such verification or investigation. The Dutch Central Bank shall comply with such request or shall provide the supervisory authority the opportunity to verify the data or information itself or to arrange that such data or information can be verified on its behalf.
- 5. For the purpose of a verification as referred to in paragraph 1 or 2, the supervisor may demand information from the branch office or enterprise, respectively. Articles 5:13, 5:17 and 5:20 of the General Administrative Law Act shall apply accordingly.
- 6. Paragraph 1, 2 and 4 shall apply accordingly with respect to payment service agents of payment service providers seated in another Member State that have obtained a licence from a supervisory authority of that Member State to provide payment services, and with respect to persons to whom work has been outsourced by payment service providers seating in another Member State that have obtained a licence from a supervisory authority of that Member State to provide payment services.
- 7. Paragraph 1, 2 and 5 shall apply accordingly with respect to agents of electronic money institutions seated in another Member State that have obtained a licence from a supervisory authority of that Member State allowing them to provide payment services, and with respect to persons to whom work has been outsourced by an electronic money institution seated in another Member State


Article 1:56a Verification by an expert / verification of a long-distance member of a regulated market

- 1. If an investment firm having its registered seat in another Member State has a branch office in the Netherlands, the Authority for the Financial Markets may, upon the request of the supervisory authority of that other Member State, arrange for an expert to verify data or information or conduct an investigation at the branch office.
- 2. If an investment firm having its registered seat in the Netherlands is a long-distance member of a regulated market to which a license is granted in another Member State, the supervisory authority of that other Member State may itself, after having notified the Authority for the Financial Markets, verify data or information at this member itself or arrange that such data or information can be verified or that such an investigation can be conducted on its behalf


Article 1:56b Right of refusal of the Authority for the Financial Market

- 1. The Authority for the Financial Markets may only refuse a request for collaboration in the conduct of an investigation or a request as referred to in Article 1:56, insofar as such request relates to a management company of an institution for collective investments in negotiable securities, an investment firm or a collective investments in negotiable securities or or a request as meant in Article 1:56a, if:
a. the investigation or the verification of data or information is not compatible with Dutch sovereignty, national security or public order;
b. legal proceedings are already pending in the Netherlands on the same charge and against the same person;
c. a final and binding judgment has already been rendered in the Netherlands on the same charge and against the same person.
- 2. The Authority for the Financial Markets shall notify the supervisory authority of the other Member State of its decision, with mention of its reasons.


Article 1:57 Verification of data or information relating to a group member

- 1. If a supervisory authority of another Member State, for the purpose of exercising supervision as meant in Section 3.6.4, requests for the verification of data or information relating to a group member as referred to in Article 3:289, under (f), having its registered seat in the Netherlands, the Dutch Central Bank shall comply with such request or shall provide the involved supervisory authority the opportunity to verify the data or information itself or to arrange that such data or information can be verified on its behalf.
- 2. The Dutch Central Bank may demand the provision of information for the purpose of a verification as referred to in paragraph 1. Articles 5:13, 5:17 and 5:20 of the General Administrative Law Act shall apply accordingly.



§ 1.3.2.3 Collaboration in the context of enforcement


Article 1:58 Instructions and sanctions in case of non-compliance by a financial enterprise

- 1. If a management company having its registered seat in another Member State that is managing an institution for collective investments in negotiable securities, or a bank, life insurer or non-life insurer having its registered seat in another Member State, that pursues its business or provides financial services from a branch office in the Netherlands, or that provides services to the Netherlands, does not comply with an instruction as referred to in Article 1:75 issued by the supervisor, the supervisor shall notify the supervisory authority of the other Member State thereof.
- 2. Without prejudice to Articles 1:79 and 1:80, the supervisor may, after having notified the supervisory authority of the Member State where the financial enterprise has its registered seat, decide that the relevant financial enterprise is no longer allowed to enter into new contracts in the Netherlands, if that financial enterprise fails to comply with what is provided by or pursuant to the present Act:
a. despite of the measures taken by the supervisory authority of the Member State where the financial enterprise has its registered seat;
b. if these measures are inadequate, or;
c. if the supervisory authority referred to under (a) has not taken measures.
- 3. Without prejudice to Articles 1:79 and 1:80, the supervisor may, after having notified the supervisory authority of the Member State where the financial enterprise has its registered seat, decide that the relevant management company is no longer allowed to manage and administer a specific institution for collective investments in negotiable securities having its registered seat in the Netherlands, if it does not comply with what is provided by or pursuant to the present Act:
a. despite of the measures taken by the supervisory authority of the Member State where the management company has its registered seat;
b. if these measures are inadequate, or;
c. if the supervisory authority referred to under (a) has not taken measures.
- 4. The supervisor shall announce a decision taken on the basis of paragraph 2 and 3 in the Government Gazette ('Staatscourant') as soon as the period for appeal has expired or, where an appeal has been lodged, as soon as a final and binding decision has been rendered on appeal.
- 5. Paragraph 1 and 2 shall apply accordingly to:
a. persons providing insurance brokerage services having their registered seat in another Member State;
b. payment service providers, on the understanding that for this purpose a branch office shall include as well a payment service agent or a person to whom work is outsourced;
c. electronic money institutions having their registered seat in another Member State, on the understanding that for this purpose a branch office shall include as well a payment service agent or a person to whom work is outsourced;
d. financial service providers having their registered seat in another Member State, that conduct the business of a financial institution, a bank or an insurer;
e. persons providing reinsurance brokerage services having their registered seat in another Member State.


Article 1:58a Non-compliance with an obligation by an EU investment firm

- 1. If an investment firm having its registered seat in another Member State provides investment services or performs investment activities in the Netherlands by providing services or operating from a branch office in the Netherlands, fails to fulfil the obligations imposed pursuant to Part IV ‘Conduct Supervision Financial Enterprises’ or Part V ‘Conduct Supervision Financial Markets’, the supervisor shall notify the supervisory authority of the other Member State thereof.
- 2. Without prejudice to Articles 1:79 and 1:80, the supervisor may, after having notified the supervisory authority of the Member State where the investment firm has its registered seat, decide that the investment firm is no longer allowed to enter into new contracts in the Netherlands, if it continues to act in a manner that clearly harms the interests of investors or the orderly operation of the financial markets:
a. despite of the measures taken by the supervisory authority of the Member State where it has its registered seat;
b. if these measures are inadequate; or
c. if the supervisory authority referred to under (a) has not taken measures.
- 3. Article 1:58, paragraph 3, shall apply accordingly.


Article 1:58b Non-compliance with an instruction by an EU investment firm

- 1. If an investment firm having its registered seat in another Member State provides investment services or performs investment activities from a branch office in the Netherlands, fails to comply with an instruction issued by the supervisor as referred to in Article 1:75, the supervisor shall notify the supervisory authority of the other Member State thereof.
- 2. In the situation referred to in paragraph 1, the supervisor may also decide that the relevant investment firm is no longer allowed to enter into new contracts in the Netherlands, all without prejudice to Sections 1:79 and 1:80.
- 3. Article 1:58, paragraph 3, shall apply accordingly.


Article 1:58c Non-compliance by an EU market operator or EU investment firm operating a multilateral trading facility

- 1. If a market operator having its registered seat in another Member State makes its facilities available to members based in the Netherlands or long-distance unit-holders, fails to fulfil the obligations imposed pursuant to Part IV ‘Conduct Supervision Financial Enterprises’ or Part V ‘Conduct Supervision Financial Markets’, the supervisor shall notify the supervisory authority of the other Member State thereof.
- 2. Paragraph 1 shall apply accordingly to an investment firm having its registered seat in another Member State which operates a multilateral trading facility in the Netherlands.
- 3. Without prejudice to Article 1:79 and 1:80, the supervisor may, after having notified the supervisory authority of the Member State where the investment firm or the market operator has its registered seat, decide that the relevant investment firm or market operator is no longer allowed to make its facilities available to members based in the Netherlands or long-distance unit-holders, if it continues to act in a manner that clearly harms the interests of investors or the orderly operation of the financial markets:
a. despite of the measures taken by the supervisory authority of the Member State where it has its registered seat;
b. if these measures are inadequate, or;
c. if the supervisory authority referred to under (a) has not taken measures.
- 4. Article 1:58, paragraph 3, shall apply accordingly.


Article 1:58d Instructions given to an EU reinsurer

- 1. If the supervisor issues an instruction as referred to in Article 1:75 to a reinsurer having its registered seat in another Member State and that reinsurer pursues its business from a branch office situated in the Netherlands or provides services to the Netherlands, the supervisor shall simultaneously notify the supervisory authority of the other Member State thereof.
- 2. Article 1:58, paragraph 2 and 3, shall apply accordingly.


Article 1:59 Instructions to a Dutch financial enterprise upon request of another supervisory authority

- 1. If a management company, investment firm, payment institution, electronic money institution, reinsurer, bank, life insurer, premium pension institution or non-life insurer having its registered seat in the Netherlands and pursuing its business or performing financial or other services to another Member State from a branch office in the other Member State, fails to comply with the statutory regulations applicable in that other Member State, the supervisor shall without delay, after having received a notification to that effect from the supervisory authority of that other Member State, issue an instruction to the relevant management company, investment firm, payment institution, electronic money institution, reinsurer, bank, life insurer, premium pension institution or non-life insurer to follow, within a reasonable time set by the supervisor, the line of conduct as set out in the instruction order, in order to put an end to the violation of the statutory regulations applicable in that other Member State.
- 2. If the instruction has not or not sufficiently been complied with, the supervisor may, after having notified the involved supervisory authority thereof, decide that the relevant management company, investment firm, payment institution, electronic money institution, reinsurer, bank, life insurer, premium pension institution or non-life insurer is not allowed to enter into new contracts in that other Member State.
- 3. The supervisor shall inform the supervisory authority of the other Member State of the measures taken on the basis of paragraph 1 or 2.
- 4. Paragraph 1 up to and including 3 shall apply accordingly with respect to payment service agents and persons to whom work has been outsourced by a payment institution or electronic money institution.


Article 1:59a Information duty in regard of a feeder institution seated in another Member State

- 1. The Authority for the Financial Markets shall notify, without delay, a feeder institution for collective investments in negotiable securities having its registered seat in the Netherlands of the decisions and measures taken and of the ascertained violations of what is provided pursuant to Articles 4:57a up to and including 4:57c, 4:61a and 4:61b and of all notifications made on the basis of Article 4:27 relating to a master institution for collective investments in negotiable securities having its registered seat in the Netherlands in which the feeder institution for collective investments in negotiable securities participates or, where applicable, relating to the management company, custodian or auditor of the master institution for collective investments in negotiable securities.
- 2. The Authority for the Financial Markets shall notify, without delay, the supervisory authority of the Member State where the feeder institution for collective investments in negotiable securities has its registered seat, of the decisions and measures taken and of the ascertained violations of what is provided pursuant to Articles 4:57a up to and including 4:57c, 4:61a and 4:61b and of all notifications made on the basis of Article 4:27 relating to the master institution for collective investments in negotiable securities having its registered seat in the Netherlands or, where applicable, relating to its auditor, management company or custodian. The Authority for the Financial Markets shall send a copy of these notifications to the feeder institution for collective investments in negotiable securities.



§ 1.3.2.4 Consultation in the context of other procedures and notification of certain decisions


Article 1:60 Consultation duty when granting a licence

- 1. The Authority for the Financial Markets shall consult the supervisory authority of the Member State involved before granting a licence to a management company which:
a. is a subsidiary of a management company, investment firm, reinsurer, bank, life insurer or non-life insurer that has been licensed in another Member State;
b. is a subsidiary of a parent company of a management company, investment firm, reinsurer, bank, life insurer or non-life insurer that has been licensed in another Member State;
c. is controlled by a person that also exercises control over a management company, investment firm, reinsurer, bank, life insurer or non-life insurer that has been licensed in another Member State.
- 2. The Authority for the Financial Markets shall consult the supervisory authority of the Member State involved before granting a licence to an investment firm which:
a. is a subsidiary of an investment firm, reinsurer, bank, life insurer or non-life insurer that has been licensed in another Member State;
b. is a subsidiary of a parent company of an investment firm, reinsurer, bank, life insurer or non-life insurer that has been licensed in another Member State;
c. is controlled by a person that also exercises control over an investment firm, reinsurer, bank, life insurer or non-life insurer that has been licensed in another Member State.
- 3. The Dutch Central Bank shall consult the supervisory authority of the Member State involved before granting a licence to a bank which:
a. is a subsidiary of a bank that has been licensed in another Member State;
b. is a subsidiary of a parent company of a bank that has been licensed in another Member State;
c. is controlled by a person that also exercises control over a bank that has been licensed in another Member State.
- 4. The Dutch Central Bank shall consult the supervisory authority of the Member State involved before granting a licence to a life insurer or non-life insurer which:
a. is a subsidiary of an investment firm, reinsurer, bank, life insurer or non-life insurer that has been licensed in another Member State;
b. is a subsidiary of a parent company of an investment firm, reinsurer, bank, life insurer or non-life insurer that has been licensed in another Member State;
c. is controlled by a natural or legal person that also exercises control over an investment firm, reinsurer, bank, life insurer or non-life insurer that has been licensed in another Member State.


Article 1:60a Consultation and information by the Authority for the Financial Markets in relation to management companies

- 1. The Authority for the Financial Markets shall consult the supervisory authority of the Member State of the registered seat of the management company before it shall decide not to approve an application as referred to in Article 2:72, paragraph 2.
- 2. Upon request of the supervisory authority of the Member State where the management company having its registered seat in the Netherlands intends to manage an institution for collective investments in negotiable securities, the Authority for the Financial Markets shall provide further information in respect of:
a. the extent of the licence granted to the management company;
b. the arrangements made relating to the possibility to outsource work as referred to in Article 4:16;
c. the agreement concerning the management and custody as referred to in Article 4:43.


Article 1:61 Information duty in relation to a withdrawal or change of a licence

- 1. The supervisor shall inform the supervisory authorities of the Member States in which a financial enterprise having its registered seat in the Netherlands conducts its business or performs financial services from a branch office, or to which a financial enterprise provides services, of the withdrawal of the licence referred to in Article 2:11, paragraph 1, 2:27, paragraph 1, 2:65 or 2:96 granted to that financial enterprise.
- 2. Before the Authority for the Financial Markets withdraws the licence of a management company as referred to in Article 2:65 having its registered seat in the Netherlands, the Authority for the Financial Markets shall consult the supervisory authority of the Member State where that management company performs its activities from a branch office located there or through the performance of services.
- 3. The Authority for the Financial Markets shall inform the supervisory authority of the Member State where the management company performs its activities from a branch office located there or through the performance of services, of a change in the licence of the management company and of possible restrictions in respect of the types of institutions for collective investments for negotiable securities which may be managed and administered by the management company.
- 4. The Authority for the Financial Markets shall inform the supervisory authority of a Member State where units in an institution for collective investments in negotiable securities having its registered seat in the Netherlands are offered from a branch office located there or by means of the performance of services and, if the management company of an institution for collective investments in negotiable securities has its seat in another Member State, the supervisory authority of the Member State of the registered seat of the management company, of the withdrawal of a licence as referred to in Article 2:65 and of other measures taken against the institution for collective investments in negotiable securities.
- 5. If a financial enterprise having its registered seat in another Member State conducts its business or performs financial services from a branch office in the Netherlands, or provides services to the Netherlands, and the supervisory authority of that Member State has informed the supervisor of the withdrawal of the licence of that financial enterprise by that supervisory authority, the supervisor shall make this notification public.


Article 1:62 A declaration of no objection for a management company

The Dutch Central Bank shall give the supervisory authority of the Member State involved the opportunity to give its advice before issuing a declaration of no objection as referred to in Article 3:95, if the applicant:
a. is a management company of an institution for collective investments in negotiable securities, an investment firm, a reinsurer, a bank, a life insurer or non-life insurer to which a licence has been granted in another Member State;
b. is the parent company of a management company of an institution for collective investments in negotiable securities, an investment firm, a reinsurer, a bank, a life insurer or a non-life insurer as meant under (a);
c. is a person who otherwise controls a management company of an institution for collective investments in negotiable securities, an investment firm, a reinsurer, a bank, a life insurer or a non-life insurer as meant under (a).


Article 1:63 Dispensation for a life insurer or non-life insurer or withdrawal of a dispensation for a financial enterprise

- 1. Before granting a dispensation to a life insurer or non-life insurer as referred to in Article 3:60, paragraph 1, the Dutch Central Bank shall give the supervisory authority of the Member State referred to in Article the opportunity to give its advice.
- 2. Before withdrawing a dispensation as referred to in Article 3:60, paragraph 1, the Dutch Central Bank shall request the supervisory authority of the Member State involved that granted a similar dispensation to the same financial enterprise to withdraw this dispensation at the time proposed by the supervisor.
- 3. If the supervisory authority of the Member State referred to in Article 3:60, paragraph 1, so requests, the Dutch Central Bank shall withdraw a dispensation as referred to in that Article at the time proposed by that supervisory authority.


Article 1:64 Financial enterprise having a supervisory status certificate no longer meets requirements

If a financial enterprise having its registered seat in the Netherlands in regard of which a supervisory status certificate is issued, no longer meets the provisions of Article 3:110, paragraph 3 up to and including 6, the Dutch Central Bank shall inform the supervisory authorities of other Member States in which that financial enterprise conducts its business or performs financial services from a branch office, or to which it provides services.



§ 1.3.2.5 Provision of information by the Dutch Central Bank to supervisory authorities of other Member States relating to reinsurers having their registered seat in a non-Member State


Article 1:64a Licence to conduct the business of a reinsurer granted to a subsidiary of a non-EU enterprise

The Dutch Central Bank shall notify the relevant supervisory authorities of the other Member States of a license for conducting the business of a reinsurer that has been granted under the present Act to a subsidiary of an enterprise governed by the law of a non-Member State.


Article 1:64b Declaration of no objection in respect of a qualified shareholder’s participation in a reinsurer

The Dutch Central Bank shall notify the relevant supervisory authorities of the other Member States of a declaration of no objection issued as referred to in Article 3:95 in respect of a qualified shareholder’s participation in a reinsurer, if the reinsurer, due to that qualified shareholder’s participation, becomes a subsidiary of an enterprise governed by the law of a non-Member State.



Section 1.3.3 Collaboration with supervisory authorities of non-Member States


Article 1:65 Exchange of data and information with supervisory authorities of non-Member States

- 1. The supervisor may supply a supervisory authority of a non-Member State with confidential data or information if the guarantees applicable under the law of that State with regard to non-disclosure of this data and information are at least equivalent to those applicable under Article 1:90, paragraph 1, and to the extent that the exchange is made for the purpose of exercising supervision by the supervisory authority involved. Article 1:90, paragraph 1 up to and including 3, shall apply accordingly.
- 2. The Authority for the Financial Markets may supply confidential data or information in respect of an investment firm, a multilateral trading facility or a market operator to the following persons or bodies in a non-Member State:
a. a person charged in that State with the statutory audit of the annual accounts of financial enterprises, or with the administration of compensation schemes, insofar as the data or information is supplied for the purpose of the exercise of that person’s duties;
b. a body responsible in that State for exercising supervision over persons charged with the statutory audit of the annual accounts of a financial enterprise;
c. a person who in that State is involved in the liquidation and winding-up of an investment firm or a similar procedure;
d. a body responsible in that State for exercising supervision over persons who are involved in the liquidation and winding-up of investment firms and other similar procedures.
- 3. The Authority for the Financial Markets may only apply paragraph 2 if the guarantees applicable under the law of the State involved with regard to non-disclosure of data and information are at least equivalent to those applicable under Article 1:90, and to the extent that the exchange is made for the purpose of the exercise of the duties by the person or body involved.
- 4. Insofar as the data and information referred to in paragraph 2 have been obtained from a supervisory authority of a non-Member State, the Authority for the Financial Markets shall not disclose it to a person or body as referred to in paragraph 2, unless the supervisory authority from which the data and information was obtained has expressly consented to the disclosure of the data and information and, where applicable, has consented to the use of this data and information for a purpose other than that for which it was supplied.
- 5. Immediately after an agreement has been concluded under observance of paragraph 1 or 2 with a supervisory authority of a non-Member State or a person or body as referred to in paragraph 2, in order to exchange data and information, the supervisor shall send a copy of that agreement to the Minister.


Article 1:66 Non EU insurer not complying with an instruction

- 1. If a reinsurer, life insurer or non-life insurer having its registered seat in a non-Member State does not comply, when performing services to the Netherlands from another Member State, with an instruction issued by the Dutch Central Bank as referred to in Article 1:75, the Dutch Central Bank shall notify the supervisory authority of that Member State thereof.
- 2. Article 1:58, paragraph 2 and 4, shall apply accordingly.


Article 1:67 Non EU clearing institution or in kind insurer not complying with instructions

- 1. If a clearing institution or a funeral expenses and benefits in kind insurer having its registered seat in another State fails to comply with an instruction issued by the supervisor as referred to in Article 1:75, the supervisor, where appropriate, may decide that the relevant clearing institution or funeral expenses and benefits in kind insurer is no longer allowed to enter into new contracts in the Netherlands by means of providing services, all without prejudice to Article 1:79 and 1:80.
- 2. Article 1:58, paragraph 4, shall apply accordingly.


Article 1:68 Supervisor’s right to demand information from any person

- 1. The supervisor may request information from any person where this is done for the purpose of implementing Treaties on the exchange of data or information, or for the purpose of implementing agreements on the exchange of data and information as referred to in Article 1:65 concluded with supervisory authorities.
- 2. Articles 5:13 and 5:20 of the General Administrative Law Act shall apply accordingly.



Section 1.3.4. Collaboration and exchange of data and information with institutions of the European Union


Article 1:69 Collaboration between supervisor and European institutions

- 1. The supervisor shall work together with the European Commission, the European supervisory authorities, the Joint Committee of the European supervisory authorities and the European Committee for systemic risks, where this is required for the fulfilment of its duties under the present Act or for the fulfilment of the duties of those institutions.
- 2. The supervisor shall provide, with due observance of Article 1:90, paragraph 1 and 3, the European Commission, the European supervisory authorities, the Joint Committee of the European supervisory authorities and the European Committee for systemic risks with all data and information required for the fulfilment of their duties.
- 3. For the purpose of implementing binding EU-juridical acts, further rules may be set by Ministerial Regulation with respect to collaboration and settlement of disputes within the European System for financial supervision and the provision of data and information to institutions belonging to the European Commission.


Article 1:70 Supervisor’s right to demand information from any person

- 1. The supervisor may for the purpose of the fulfilment of its duties request on the basis of Article 1:69 from any person any information where this is required for the fulfilment of the duties of the European Commission, the European supervisory authorities, the Joint Committee of the European supervisory authorities and the European Committee for systemic risks.
- 2. Articles 5:13 and 5:20 of the General Administrative Law Act shall apply accordingly.


Article 1:71
[repealed on 01-07-2012]

 

 [prior Chapter]